When renovating a balcony or deck in New Zealand, whether you need a Building Consent depends on the scope of the work. Below is a detailed guide to help you understand the requirements, associated building codes, costs, and timelines.
1. When is Building Consent Required?
Building Consent is generally required for work that affects the structural integrity, safety, or usability of a balcony or deck. Here are common scenarios where Building Consent is needed:
Structural Work
- Adding a new deck or balcony: If the deck is more than 1.5 meters above ground level or attached to the house.
- Replacing or repairing structural elements: Such as beams, joists, or posts.
- Extending an existing deck or balcony: If it increases the size or changes the structure.
Safety Features
- Installing or modifying handrails or balustrades: Must comply with safety standards (e.g., height, spacing).
- Adding or repairing stairs: If the stairs are part of the deck or balcony.
Waterproofing and Drainage
- Waterproofing a balcony: To prevent water ingress into the building.
- Installing or modifying drainage systems: To manage water runoff.
Change of Use
- Converting a balcony or deck into a habitable space: For example, enclosing it to create a sunroom.
2. When is Building Consent Not Required?
Some minor repairs or maintenance may not require Building Consent, provided they meet certain conditions. Examples include:
Cosmetic Work
- Replacing decking boards: As long as the structure remains unchanged.
- Painting or staining: As long as no structural work is involved.
Minor Repairs
- Fixing loose handrails or balustrades: As long as they are replaced like-for-like.
- Replacing damaged posts or beams: If the replacement is identical to the original.
Exempt Work
- Building a small deck: If it’s less than 1.5 meters above ground level, covers less than 10 square meters, and is not attached to the house.
- Replacing decking materials: If the structure remains unchanged.
For a full list of exempt work, refer to Schedule 1 of the Building Act 2004: Schedule 1 Exempt Work.
3. Associated Building Codes and Regulations
Renovations must comply with the New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) and other relevant regulations. Key clauses include:
Structural Stability (B1)
- Ensures the deck or balcony can withstand loads and stresses.
Fire Safety (C1-C6)
- Includes requirements for fire-rated materials if the deck or balcony is part of a multi-unit building.
Accessibility (D1)
- Ensures the deck or balcony is accessible to people with disabilities (if applicable).
Durability (B2)
- Requires materials to be durable and weather-resistant.
Safety Barriers (F4)
- Specifies requirements for handrails and balustrades (e.g., minimum height of 1 meter for decks less than 1.5 meters above ground, and 1.2 meters for decks higher than 1.5 meters).
For more details, refer to the New Zealand Building Code: NZ Building Code.
4. Estimated Costs
The cost of Building Consent and renovations varies depending on the scope of work. Here are some estimates:
Building Consent Fees
- Simple projects: NZD 2,000−2,000−5,000 (e.g., minor alterations, small decks).
- Complex projects: NZD 5,000−5,000−15,000 or more (e.g., large decks, structural changes).
Professional Fees
- Architect/Designer: NZD 2,000−2,000−10,000+ (depending on project size).
- Engineer: NZD 1,000−1,000−5,000 (for structural calculations).
Construction Costs
- Deck construction: NZD 200−200−500 per square meter (basic timber deck).
- Balcony construction: NZD 500−500−1,500 per square meter (depending on materials and complexity).
- Handrails/balustrades: NZD 100−100−300 per linear meter.
5. Estimated Timelines
- Design and planning: 1-2 months (depending on complexity).
- Building Consent approval: 20 working days (longer for complex projects).
- Construction: 1-3 months (depending on scope).
- Final inspection and CCC: 1-2 months after construction completion.
6. Correct Order of Steps for Renovations
If your renovation requires Building Consent, follow these steps:
Step 1: Planning and Design
- Engage professionals: Hire an architect, designer, or engineer to create plans and specifications.
- Check zoning rules: Ensure your renovation complies with Auckland’s Unitary Plan (e.g., height-to-boundary rules, setbacks).
Step 2: Apply for Building Consent
- Prepare documents: Include detailed plans, specifications, and any engineering reports.
- Submit application: Apply online via the Auckland Council website or in person at a service center.
Step 3: Council Review
- Wait for approval: The Council will review your application, which typically takes 20 working days (longer for complex projects).
- Address any issues: If the Council requests changes, provide the required information.
Step 4: Start Construction
- Hire licensed professionals: Ensure builders are licensed (LBP).
- Book inspections: The Council will inspect the work at key stages (e.g., foundation, framing, final inspection).
Step 5: Obtain Code Compliance Certificate (CCC)
- Final inspection: Once the work is complete, the Council will conduct a final inspection.
- Receive CCC: If the work complies with the Building Code, the Council will issue a CCC.
7. Useful Links
- Auckland Council Building Consent: Building Consent Guide
- Schedule 1 Exempt Work: Exempt Work List
- Fee Calculator Tool: Building Consent Fees
- New Zealand Building Code: NZ Building Code